First aider response to basic physiological differences in children.

Injuries’ affect children differently than they do adults.

• Children’s bodies are different from adults’ bodies.
  • They are more likely to get sick or severely injured.
    • They breathe in more air per pound of body weight than adults do.
    • They have thinner skin, and more of it per pound of body weight (higher surface-to-mass ratio).
    • They have less fluid in their bodies, so fluid loss (e.g. dehydration, blood loss) can have a bigger effect on children.
  • They are more likely to lose too much body heat.
  • They spend more time outside and on the ground. They also put their hands in their mouths more often than adults do.

• Children need help from adults in an emergency.
  • They don’t fully understand how to keep themselves safe.
    • Older children and adolescents may take their cues from others.
    • Young children may freeze, cry, or scream.
  • They may not be able to explain what hurts or bothers them.
  • They are more likely to get the care they need when they have parents or other caregivers around.
  • Laws require an adult to make medical decisions for a child.
  • There is limited information on the ways some illnesses and medicines affect children. Sometimes adults will have to make decisions with the information they have.

• Mental stress from a disaster can be harder on children.
  • They feel less of a sense of control.
  • They understand less about the situation.
  • They have fewer experiences bouncing back from hard situations.